Stocks

Invest in Individual Companies

Stocks give investors direct ownership in publicly traded companies and can provide opportunities for long-term growth, income and portfolio diversification.

What Are Stocks

Stocks represent ownership in a company. When you buy shares of stock, you become a shareholder and own a small portion of that business.

The value of a stock can rise or fall based on company performance, investor expectations, economic conditions and broader market movements.

Some stocks may also pay dividends, providing investors with income in addition to potential price growth.

Why Consider Stocks?

Growth Potential

Stocks can provide long-term capital growth when companies increase in value over time.

Income Potential

Some companies pay dividends that can provide investors with regular income.

Direct Ownership

Buying individual stocks gives investors direct ownership in specific companies they choose.

Explore Stock Types

Growth Stocks

Companies expected to grow revenue and earnings faster than the broader market.

Value Stocks

Companies that may trade at lower prices compared with their earnings, assets or long-term potential.

Dividend Stocks

Companies that regularly distribute a portion of profits to shareholders through dividend payments.

Blue-Chip Stocks

Shares of large, established companies with long operating histories and recognizable brands.

Small-Cap Stocks

Shares of smaller companies that may offer higher growth potential along with greater volatility.

International Stocks

Shares of companies based outside the United States that can add global diversification.

Compare Common Stock Types

FeatureGrowth StocksValue StocksDividend Stocks
Main GoalCapital growthValue appreciationIncome + growth
Dividend FocusUsually lowerVariesHigher
Typical VolatilityHigherModerateModerate
Company ProfileFaster-growing businessesUndervalued companiesEstablished income-paying firms
Common UseLong-term growthValue investingIncome and diversification

Stock Investing Costs

Investing in individual stocks can involve costs that affect your overall return.

Common costs may include:

  • Brokerage commissions
  • Bid-ask spreads
  • Trading fees
  • Account fees
  • Taxes on dividends
  • Capital gains taxes
  • Currency conversion costs for foreign stocks

Sample Stock Comparison Table

Data updated: 2026

Stock TypeTypical FocusDividend PotentialRisk LevelCommon Objective
Growth Rapid expansionLowerHigherCapital appreciation
ValueUndervalued companiesModerateModerateLong term value
DividendIncome producing firmsHigherModerateIncome + growth
Blue-ChipEstablished companiesModerateModerateStability
Small-CapSmaller companiesVariesHigherGrowth
InternationalForeign companiesVariesVariesGlobal diversification

Disclaimer: Stock prices, dividends and investment returns can rise or fall. Past performance does not guarantee future results, and investors can lose money.

What Can Affect Stock Performance?

Company Earnings

Revenue, profits and future business expectations can significantly influence stock prices.

Economic Conditions

Growth, inflation, employment and consumer activity can affect company performance and markets.

Interest Rates

Changes in interest rates can influence borrowing costs, valuations and investor demand.

Market Sentiment

Investor expectations and market confidence can cause prices to rise or fall quickly.

Industry Trends

Changes in technology, regulation and competition can affect companies within specific sectors.

Company News

Leadership changes, product launches, acquisitions and other events can influence stock prices.

Who May Consider Stocks?

Stocks may be worth considering if you want direct ownership in companies and are comfortable with market fluctuations.

Common Reasons

  • Building long-term wealth
  • Seeking capital growth
  • Generating dividend income
  • Choosing individual companies
  • Diversifying a portfolio
  • Investing for retirement
  • Gaining exposure to specific industries

Benefits and Things to Consider

Benefits

  • Long-term growth potential
  • Direct company ownership
  • Dividend income may be available
  • Large selection of companies
  • Easy to buy and sell through brokerage accounts

Things to Consider

  • Stock prices can decline significantly
  • Individual stocks provide less diversification
  • Company-specific risk can be substantial
  • Markets can be volatile
  • Research and ongoing monitoring may be required

Stocks vs. Other Investments

Stocks

Provide direct ownership in individual companies with potential for growth and dividend income.

ETFs

Provide diversified exposure to multiple securities through a single exchange-traded investment.

Mutual Funds

Pool investor money into professionally managed portfolios of securities.

Common Stock Investing Questions

Related Investment Options

ETFs

Explore diversified funds that trade throughout the day on stock exchanges.

Mutual Funds

Explore professionally managed portfolios containing stocks, bonds and other investments.

Bonds

Explore fixed-income securities designed to provide interest and portfolio diversification.

529 Plans

Explore tax-advantaged accounts designed to help save and invest for education.

Ready to Explore Stocks?

Learn about different stock types, risks and investment strategies to find options that may fit your financial goals.